Basic organic reactions

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Reaction

Proton transfer between acetic acid and hydroxide ion:

Steps:

1. Hydroxy ion abstracts the proton on AcOH;
2. H2O (conjugate acid) and AcO- (conjugate base) form.

Protonation of the carbonyl group in acetone:

Steps:

1. Lone pair on the carbonyl group associates with proton;
2. Acetone (conjugate base) turns into its protonated form (conjugate acid).

Protonation of the hydroxyl group in ethanol:

Steps:

1. Lone pair on the hydroxyl group associates with proton;
2. Ethanol (conjugate base) turns into protonated ethanol (conjugate acid).

Lewis Acid-Base Reaction

Triethylamine reacts with boron trifluoride:

Steps:

1. Lone pair on N atom of triethylamine interacts with the unoccupied p orbital of B atom in boron trifluoride;
2. Triethylamine (Lewis base) and boron trifluoride (Lewis acid) forms a Lewis acid-base adduct.

Reaction between bromine and ferric bromide:

Steps:

1. Lone pair on Br atom of bromine interacts with the unoccupied d orbital of Fe atom in ferric bromide;
2. Bromine (Lewis base) and ferric bromide (Lewis acid) forms a Lewis acid-base adduct.

Acetyl chloride reacts with aluminum chloride to form acyl cation:

Steps:

1. Lone pair on Cl atom of acetyl chloride interacts with the unoccupied p orbital of Al atom in aluminum chloride;
2. Heterolytic cleavage of C-Cl bond occurs, forming acyl cation and tetrachloroaluminum anion.